Middle-aged mice treated with GHK-Cu peptide administered intraperitoneally or intranasally show behavioral rescue but divergent hippocampal aging programs
Mazzola J, Rosenfeld M, Tucker M, Wezeman J, Ladiges W, Liao GY (2026). bioRxiv (preprint).
Summary
A preprint comparing two ways of giving GHK-Cu to aged mice: a short intraperitoneal course and a longer intranasal course. Spatial learning was assessed with a navigation task and the hippocampus was examined by immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing. The intranasal course was associated with better escape learning in both sexes, while the intraperitoneal course produced only a transient effect in males. Gene-expression changes differed sharply between the two routes. The authors conclude that route and duration shape the response. Not yet peer reviewed.