Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential
Tung C, Varzideh F, Farroni E, et al. (2025). International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Summary
A narrative review of elamipretide (SS-31), a tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Summarises preclinical reports in models of heart failure, neurodegeneration, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, metabolic disease and muscle weakness, and outlines the clinical programme including the PROGRESS-HF, TAZPOWER, MMPOWER-3 and ReCLAIM trials. The review presents the compound favourably; the primary trial results, including the negative primary endpoint of MMPOWER-3, are listed separately on this page.